English Ch3: Voice– V3)VOICE (Active–Passive) – सरल द्विभाषीय गाइड
English Grammar का महत्त्वपूर्ण विषय – हिन्दी + English में समझें
1. मूल भावना / Core Idea
| English | हिन्दी |
|---|---|
| Active Voice – Subject does the action. | Active वाक्य में कर्ता (Subject) स्वयं क्रिया करता है। |
| Passive Voice – Subject receives the action. | Passive वाक्य में कर्ता को नहीं, कर्म (Object) को मुख्यता मिलती है; क्रिया उस पर होती है। |
2. बुनियादी परिवर्तन नियम / Basic Conversion Rules
| क्रम / Step | कार्य / Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Object ↔ Subject अदला-बदली (Interchange). |
| 2 | Be-form जोड़ें (is/am/are/was/were/been/being). |
| 3 | मुख्य क्रिया को Past Participle (V³) बनाएं। |
| 4 | चाहें तो ‘by + doer’ लगाएँ (यदि आवश्यक)। |
सूत्र — “O-B-V³-BY” → Object, Be, V³, By.
3. Tense-wise Table / कालानुसार तालिका
| Tense | Active Structure | Passive Structure | उदाहरण / Example (A→P) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | S + V¹ + O | O + is/am/are + V³ (+ by S) | Ravi writes a letter. → A letter is written by Ravi. |
| Present Continuous | S + is/am/are + V-ing + O | O + is/am/are being + V³ | They are making tea. → Tea is being made. |
| Present Perfect | S + has/have + V³ + O | O + has/have been + V³ | She has opened the door. → The door has been opened. |
| Simple Past | S + V² + O | O + was/were + V³ | He killed a snake. → A snake was killed. |
| Past Continuous | S + was/were + V-ing + O | O + was/were being + V³ | We were reading books. → Books were being read. |
| Past Perfect | S + had + V³ + O | O + had been + V³ | They had solved the sum. → The sum had been solved. |
| Simple Future | S + will/shall + V¹ + O | O + will/shall be + V³ | I will finish work. → Work will be finished. |
| Future Perfect | S + will have + V³ + O | O + will have been + V³ | She will have written notes. → Notes will have been written. |
(Perfect Continuous Tenses का सामान्यतः Passive नहीं बनता।)
4. विशेष बिंदु / Important Points
- No ‘by’ Needed
- People speak Hindi here. → Hindi is spoken here. (doer generic)
- Modals
- You can solve this. → This can be solved.
- Double Object
- He gave me a book.
- I was given a book. / A book was given to me.
- He gave me a book.
- Pronoun Change
- I ↔ me, we ↔ us, he ↔ him, etc.
- Prepositional Phrases stay as they are.
5. नए रुझान / Modern Usage Tips (2025)
| क्षेत्र | सलाह / Trend |
|---|---|
| Academic Writing | Passive का प्रयोग निष्पक्षता दिखाने के लिये (e.g., “The experiment was conducted…”). |
| Digital Content / UX | Active voice preferred for clarity (“Click the button”). |
| Inclusive Language | Passive helpful जहाँ agent अनावश्यक या विवादित हो। |
6. Common Errors & Quick Fix
| Error Type | Wrong | Right |
|---|---|---|
| Be-form missing | Tea made. | Tea is made. |
| V-form mistake | is wrote | is written |
| Unchanged pronoun | by he | by him |
| Redundant ‘by’ | The road was repaired by yesterday. | The road was repaired yesterday. |
7. Mini Practice / लघु अभ्यास
Convert into Passive:
- Students are discussing the project.
- Someone has stolen my pen.
- We will organize the event.
उत्तर / Answers:
- The project is being discussed by students.
- My pen has been stolen.
- The event will be organized by us.
निष्कर्ष / Conclusion
Active लिखना संवाद-मैत्रीपूर्ण है, Passive वैज्ञानिक / औपचारिक लेखन में सहायक।
Voice बदलना = Object को Hero बनाना.
चार चरण (O-B-V³-BY) याद रखें।
तालिका से Tense के अनुसार be-form चुनें।
English Ch3: Voiceप्रत्येक उत्तर के +1 पॉइंट आपको मिलेंगे और गलत उत्तर के 0 पॉइंट, START TEST का बटन दबाकर आप TEST को शुरू कर सकते हैं उत्तर सही होने पर हरा रंग का उत्तर दिखेगा गलत होने पर लाल रंग का उत्तर दिखेगा अंत में FINISH TEST का बटन दबाकर टेस्ट को समाप्त करे, और आपने कितने अंक प्राप्त किए उसे देखें